In kimono design, the red-crowned Japanese crane was usually imbued with an auspicious meaning. It symbolises not only peace, loyalty, gratitude, and wisdom, but also reflects the wearers’ prospects for eternal youth and longevity. Its association with the kikko pattern, characterised by a hexagonal design reminiscent of a tortoiseshell, reinforces this symbolism by evoking the Japanese saying, “Cranes live a thousand years, tortoises ten thousand.”
Chrysanthemums, known as kiku (菊) in Japanese, were introduced to Japan by Buddhist monks in the 8th century. Revered as the imperial emblem for centuries, they symbolise longevity, rejuvenation, and the imperial family. Chrysanthemums are deeply rooted in Japanese mythology and folklore, often depicted as divine with mystical properties.
Shochikubai ( 松竹梅), Three Friends of Winter - plum blossom, pine tree, and bamboo - holds special significance in Japanese culture. Celebrated in East Asian cultures, particularly in China and Japan, the trio symbolises resilience during harsh winters. Moreover, these three motifs are closely related to the New Year celebrations.
Mandarin ducks are associated with harmonious relationships and romantic love. In Japanese folklore, these ducks are believed to mate for life, so they are considered symbols of faithfulness, devotion, and marital bliss. On a young married woman’s kimono, this motif conveys wishes for a harmonious relationship and serves as a protective talisman for her and her spouse.
