Three Friends of Winter with Fans, Koju Yammashita, Hanakata Pattern Album, c. 1899.
In the rich tapestry of Japanese art, certain motifs are notable for their profound meaning and aesthetic allure. Among these, the "Three Friends of Winter," known as Shochikubai (松竹梅) in Japanese, comprise the plum blossom (ume), pine tree (matsu), and bamboo (take). Celebrated in East Asian culture, particularly in China and Japan, this trio symbolizes resilience during harsh winters. Beyond their natural beauty, they hold symbolic significance in Japanese culture, which is evident in kimono designs. Cherished for celebratory events, these patterns grace kimonos for both men and women, frequently featured during New Year festivities.
The integration of the Three Friends of Winter into kimono designs represents a captivating fusion of art, fashion, and cultural symbolism. During the Edo (1603 –1868) and Meiji (1868 –1912) periods, kimonos featuring these motifs gained popularity, serving as more than mere decoration—they conveyed messages about the wearer's virtues and aspirations.
Each element of the trio carries specific connotations: plum blossoms symbolise the coming of spring and celebrations for the lunar New Year; pines indicate endurance, longevity, and youthfulness and also serve as a symbol for the New Year; while bamboo represents flexibility, resilience and strength of character. The fan design in this artwork is commonly linked to prosperity and good luck, thanks to its shape that widens outwards, signifying expansion and growth. The act of fanning is traditionally thought to rouse deities residing in objects and to ward off malevolent spirits. When paired with the Three Friends of Winter, the fan could represent an ushering in of prosperity and good fortune with the arrival of the New Year.
