Pine

Pine by the Shore, Koju Yamashita, Hanakata Pattern Album, c. 1899.

Kimono designs featuring matsu (松の木), or pine trees, emerged during the Heian period (794-1185), and by the Edo period (1603-1868), they were commonly considered a masculine motif. The pattern was frequently used in Samurai armor and clothing, as well as on winter garments.

The term matsu translates to 'waiting for the soul of a god to descend from Heaven.' According to ancient Shinto beliefs, gods would depart Earth and ascend to Heaven via pine trees. These deities are now thought to reside on a volcanic mountain, dwelling within ancient pines—presumably the very ones they used for their heavenly ascent.

In Japan, pine trees are a staple in traditional New Year's decorations, symbolising hope, prosperity, and new beginnings. The pine tree motif on kimonos, especially those worn during the New Year holiday, signifies rebirth, renewal, and the promise of a bright future. Although often considered a male pattern and primarily worn in winter, it is not exclusive to either.