Chrysanthemums, known as kiku (菊) in Japanese, were introduced to Japan by Buddhist monks in the 8th century. Revered as the imperial emblem for centuries, they symbolise longevity, rejuvenation, and the imperial family. Chrysanthemums are deeply rooted in Japanese mythology and folklore, often depicted as divine with mystical properties.
Shochikubai ( 松竹梅), Three Friends of Winter - plum blossom, pine tree, and bamboo - holds special significance in Japanese culture. Celebrated in East Asian cultures, particularly in China and Japan, the trio symbolises resilience during harsh winters. Moreover, these three motifs are closely related to the New Year celebrations.
In Japanese culture, the iris flower is associated with bravery, courage, and resilience. The symbolism behind this motif stems from the plant’s ability to thrive in harsh conditions, such as wet marshlands. Therefore, the iris is often used to represent the inner strength needed to overcome adversity. In textile design, white irises on young women’s kimono would signify purity, innocence and spiritual enlightenment.
